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In the later half of the 7th century, Hindu temple structures in India began taking a definite form. Similar to Gothic Church components like nave, aisles, and spire, Hindu temples have common elements known in their original Sanskrit words. The sanctuary is called Vimana, comprising two parts: Sikhara (upper tower) and Garbhagriha (lower inner chamber)
• Sikhara • Garbhagriha
• Pradakshina Pratha • Mandapa
• Antarala • Ardhamandapa
• Gopurams • Pitha
• Toranas • Amalaka
MATERIAL OF CONSTRUCTION
• Indian temples used a variety of materials based on regional availability: timber, mud, plaster, brick, and stone. • Early temples made of timber, bamboo, and plaster have mostly disappeared or exist in fragmentary remains. • Later stone temples were often modeled after wood and bamboo architecture, seen in carvings, roof forms, and window shapes in regions like the Himalayas, Kerala, and Bengal. • Brick and mortar temples date back to pre-Christian era, constructed where suitable stone was limited but brick was easily available. • Stone construction is the most distinctive expression of Hindu architecture, with highly evolved techniques for cutting and excavating stone. • Stone temples date back to the 2nd and 3rd centuries and used various types of stone like granite, marble, soapstone, sandstone, and local stones. • Stone temples are renowned for intricate and ornate carvings and sculptures found throughout India
